What is the problem with Microsoft?

In today's world of computing you come across the name Microsoft wherever you look. Many people even consider Microsoft and computers to be equivalent. But if you take a closer look, you will see that Microsoft's contribution to computer science is not worth mentioning and in most cases rather negative. Unfortunately the public seems to be very poorly informed, even in the press you constantly read about the amazing innovations and the genius of Microsoft. In the following I am going to explain with some examples why this picture is not only totally wrong, but also very dangerous.

(last updated: 20-May-1998)


Table Of Contents


I. Products

In general Microsoft software is superior to their components' products only in one aspect: marketing. I ask you to name one single innovation that originated from Microsoft. Features in Microsoft's software are in most cases ideas which have been taken from other companies, or they can be seen as a try to improve certain parts of a program which Microsoft apparently was not able to make better. As a result you get bloated, buggy, and slow programs.

Examples for the implementation of other companies' ideas can already be found at things as elementary as the GUI (Graphical User Interface) of Windows. Just take a look at the windows of the NeXTStep operating system, e.g. at the buttons to close such a window. You will be really surprised. But even in detail concepts show up that have simply been stolen by Microsoft. It seems like they neither have the ability to innovate nor do they have the appropriate technology. To prove that you should take a look at a so-called WAV-file and compare it to a file format called IFF (Interchange File Format) which has been developed by Electronic Arts and Commodore for the Amiga computer. The only real difference is the marker stored in the first four (!) bytes.

Those who dare to take a look at the announced new features of Windows NT 5.0, which still has to be released at the time I write this, will recognize that these revolutionary and innovative abilities could be found in Unix-systems for decades. User Quotas? Accessing devices without the use of C:, D: etc.? Mounting filesystems into an existing directory tree? Multiuser-support? Redirecting the output of a program to another computer? Yawn!

Even tries to improve evident weaknesses are related to as an innovation never seen before. Let's take the Long File Names which has been introduced together with Windows 95. Now it is possible to give your files names that are longer than eight characters, to which file names were limited in earlier versions of DOS and Windows. This limitation has its origins in the operating system CP/M. In their enthusiasm people tend to forget that there is effectively no other operating system with similar limitations. AmigaOS, MacOS, IBM OS/2 (native), unixoid systems (e.g. Linux) are examples for systems which have simply never known any sick problems like that. Furthermore, new programs, especially designed for Windows 95, are necessary to make use of long file names, old software can still only use short file names. Windows has quite a job to do to let both worlds co-exist.

Microsoft has not really made the use of computers simpler. There are two possibilities to make the use of any device easier. Normally you would improve the interface between man and the machine, i.e. to think of an easy possibility to access all functions of a device. Microsoft tends to choose a second way. Windows appears easy to work with mostly due to the fact that Microsoft does not let you control your own computer. Why does Windows start the program ScanDisk after formatting a disk without asking?
What happens when you boot up your windows computer? You get a nice picture, but you have no clue what Windows actually does. In earlier times the output of every single command was printed on the screen to let you observe the process. Nowadays you have to trust Windows blindly. Whenever something does not work you can do nothing but guess what is wrong again. The user is totally dependant on Microsoft.

That brings me to a point. Nobody would try to drive a car without having had some lessons and having taken a look into the manual. But almost everybody expects to be able to work with a computer instantly. You cannot deny the customer's guilt in the effectively non-existent knowledge about technical issues.


II. Marketing and Methods

This really makes you wonder what are the reasons for Microsoft's success, which is an obvious contradiction to the quality of their products. Even the aggressive marketing does not explain that phenomenon sufficiently. Microsoft is well-known for their dubious practices they use to preserve their enormous power.

A common strategy is the manipulation of established standards to tie the users even closer to Microsoft. An example is Java, a programming language developed by Sun. Java makes it possible to code programs which can be run on any computer regardless of the operating system. This is an advantage not to be under-estimated when talking about the internet, except for Microsoft, because Java makes you independent of Windows. Every program is written specifically for a certain operating system. That means programs written for Windows or Macintosh only run on Windows or a Macintosh respectively. (There a so-called emulators to run programs of various platforms on a computer, but that is another story.) But Java uses an interpreter to translate programs (written in Java) for the computer you use, which makes the programs platform-independent, i.e. they can be run on any computer. Microsoft's reaction was the release of a Java development toolkit which makes is possible to use windows-specific features in your programs. If you use these features your programs will run on Windows only, which is contradictory to the intention of the Java developers. But from Microsoft's point of view it has the positive effect of forcing the users to use Windows.

Another example of their methods is that they give away programs for free. The average user could be happy about this, but we are talking about Microsoft: "dumping", i.e. giving something away at a loss, is illegal. This is obviously not a problem for Microsoft. In the past lawsuits against Microsoft have been proven to be ineffective thanks to the their power - and their lawyers. The bad thing about dumping is that other companies may be dependant on the sale of their products, while Microsoft can give them away for free because of the big money they make in other areas. Microsoft can easily ruin their competitors that way.

The Internet Explorer is such a product. Even many Internet Service Providers use the Internet Explorer as their standard browser, "persuaded" by Microsoft. Netscape Navigator is no longer been offered by most ISPs, or you can get it optionally only. In one case Microsoft forced an ISP to sign a contract which said he must not inform his customers about the existence of browsers other than the Microsoft Internet Explorer and remove all links to and logos of other companies who offer similar products.
There are sites on the internet, not only in the Microsoft-owned MSN, which will not let you pass with the offer to download the Microsoft Internet Explorer if you use Netscape Navigator. But that is only half of the story. The Internet Explorer 4.0 shows Microsoft's unmatched ability to innovate. Tries to access the homepage of Netscape, the only competitor left when it comes to web browsers, is blocked. You will only get some confusing error messages - none of which is true. Microsoft Frontpage, a program to create and edit HTML-Files, on which every single web page on the Internet is based, even manipulates existing files without asking in a way that parts of them are no longer readable with Netscape Navigator. In most other branches of the industry no-one would accept this, but when it comes to Microsoft, that's okay...
With the release of the successor of Windows 95 the problem with non-Microsoft internet browsers will be gone - the Internet Explorer is going to be part of the operating system without a possibility to remove.
This reminds me of Microsoft's argumentation that the Internet Explorer would be part of Windows, similar to the many utilities installed together with Windows 95. I would like somebody to explain why the Internet Explorer is not only sold seperately as a standalone product, but is also available for other platforms such as the Apple Macintosh. Well, I'm waiting for a new version of notepad; perhaps there will be a version for MacOS soon?

Microsoft often uses a method similar to dumping, where you try to prevent customers from buying your competitor's products by telling them of the great features and possibilities of their own product. But - that product does not exist. Windows 95 is an example for that tactics. A long time before the release you were able to learn about the superior abilities of the unborn child. They changed the release date quite a few times, finally Windows 95 saw the light of day one year too late. Remember what you have been told these days? A newly designed operating system? No underlying MS-DOS? Pre-emptive multitasking? Little memory requirements? Most of these promises were not exactly true or simply dirty lies. But nobody seems to care about that...

The most important internet products are part of Windows since the release of Windows 95B. The "advantage" is clear. Why should anybody care to get Netscape's Navigator if the Internet Explorer is already installed on their computers, bundled with Windows 95?
While installing Windows 95 you can choose which components should be installed on your computer even if they occupy some lousy kbytes only. That is not true for the Internet Explorer - there is no way to prevent this piece of software from being installed. You will not even know about this because the internet software is not even shown in the list of the components of Windows.
Microsoft tries to tell you what to do. Many users obviously are not aware about the existence of programs they have never heard of before on their very own computer.

To the time IBM had some success with their own operating system called OS/2, you could see a typical behaviour. A well-known german discounter started to ship their computer systems with OS/2 preinstalled, instead of Windows. Microsoft threatened to refuse to sell them Windows if they continued even to advertise OS/2. Only Windows should be installed on PCs. It is not a surprise that there has been no sign of OS/2 since then.
Even employees of Compaq and Gateway 2000 "confirmed in sworn deposition testimony" that Microsoft made the shipping of Windows dependent of the removal of Netscape Navigator in favor of Microsoft's Internet Explorer in one case and the sale of other Microsoft products in another.

Microsoft thought of a new way to increase their profits with Windows NT, the "bigger brother" of Windows 95. There are two versions of Windows NT: Windows NT Workstation for the "average" user, and Windows NT Server for the use in networks. NT Workstation lacks some of the features and is somewhat slower then NT Server. Microsoft tries to explain that with optimizations and internal improvement of Windows NT Server. O'Reilly and Associates took both versions apart and analysed them. They discovered that the only difference between the two versions of Windows NT can be found in two (!) entries of the so-called registry, which holds configuration data. These entries have been encoded by Microsoft with quite some effort to hide their existence. If you change these entries in NT Workstation, it will show all features of NT Server, behave exactly like it, even the differences in speed are gone. That is no big surprise - the system files of both versions are exactly the same.
Microsoft sells one product for two totally different prices (NT Server costs about three times as much as NT Workstation) and tries to tell people, Windows NT Server would be totally different than NT Workstation. To achieve this they manipulate, not to say castrate NT Workstation to make the stupid customer buy the more expensive NT Server.

I would prefer not to comment on Microsoft's rather undemocratic attitude. So I let the vice president of Microsoft do this job.
After Pacific Bell signed a contract with Netscape, CEO David Dorman received a phone call from Microsoft's executive vice president, Steve Ballmer, who began with the words: "You're either a friend or a foe, and you're an enemy now."


III. Espionage and Hidden Features

Even in early version of MS-DOS you can find "undocumented API calls". It is an operating system's task to provide functions applications can use to work with files, communicate with periphery and much more. There were - and still are - functions which have not been documented, but still are quite important. Because Microsoft sells operating systems as well as applications there is an unjustified advantage for Microsoft, who can use these functions while their competitors are not able to take these "short cuts".

Many Microsoft products, most famous Microsoft Office, change your system without telling you about it. In most cases you get to know that not until another program refuses to work. When Windows 95 was released there have been enormous problems with programs giving you access to America Online or CompuServe. They could not be used anymore, because Microsoft thought it would be cool to alter a certain file (winsock) these programs are dependant on. It certainly was pure coincidence that Microsoft's own Online-Service MSN was introduced at the same time, with the programs necessary to use it integrated in Windows 95.

To the time of Windows 3 there was a clone of MS-DOS named DR-DOS. Unfortunately Windows would not install when DR-DOS was used instead of MS-DOS. Did that mean DR-DOS was not fully compatible with MS-DOS? Pretty soon it became public that Microsoft programmed a routine that would refuse the installation if a competitor's operating system was found.
If you had OS/2 installed on your system, it would not work any longer after an installation of MS-DOS 6. According to Microsoft there was no way to avoid this, but strangely enough MS-DOS or Windows would still work after an installation of a competitor's operating system.

It is not really nice to spy on users, which seems to be the only purpose of the "registration wizard" that can be found in Windows 95. I have to tell first that when using a program you have to "register". To do so you send a postcard to Microsoft which says you have just acquired a certain program. It has to be doubted what the registration is really good for, because Microsoft gets to know your address that way, God knows what they can do with it. In my opinion there is no other reason than to get this data - or have you ever told an author that you bought a book of him?
It is now possible to register Windows 95 with a call at Microsoft, i.e. using your modem. The computer then transmits all necessary data directly to them - and much more. Your hard disk drive will be scanned and the existence of certain programs will be transmitted to Microsoft. When it became public Microsoft tried to justify this with the possibility to inform users about updates (newer versions of a program). But that does not explain why the registration wizard looks for non-Microsoft products and even software for children and games, which obviously cannot be updated. (An analysis of how the registration wizard works is available to me.) The only explanation I have is that Microsoft tries to create profiles of users, since you can derive that information from the scan of a hard disk. Most people certainly cannot imagine the abuse possible with that data.

But there is even another possibility for Microsoft to spy out data. You write your programs in form of commands, which is called the sourcecode. This code is compiled by a special program, i.e. transformed into numbers readable by the microprocessor only. The original sourcecode cannot be derived from these numbers (trivially), which should be the normal thing; no baker would be happy about the possibility to get his recipe from the cake he sells. But exactly this is what Microsoft did. The compiled sources written in a programming language called "Visual Basic" contain information with which it is possible to regenerate the sourcecode. This got public not until respective programs left the buildings of Microsoft by accident. Microsoft is able to get the sourcecode - and with that the corresponding know-how - of other companies.

Microsoft expects the developers of graphic adapters to have their drivers (software that make the use of certain hardware possible in a computer system) certified by them. To do so they want to have a look at the sourcecode of these programs. The reason apparently is not to make sure the drivers work correctly, but to obtain other companies' secrets, since you can expect the developers of hardware to know what they do. Obviously you cannot expect that from the market leader in software. Where else can you find an industry where one company can be that arrogant and make manufacturers of accessories tell them their secrets?


IV. Errors and Lies

Error #1: MS-DOS is an ingenious invention of Bill Gates
What most people do not know: MS-DOS was not done by Gates, it was not even done by Microsoft. When IBM looked for an operating system for their IBM PC in the early 1980s, they planned to use one of Digital Research. But in the end they asked Microsoft, who did not have any operating system by then. So Microsoft simply bought a product from another company. This system was called QDOS - Quick And Dirty Operating System - the name says all you have to know about it. MS-DOS, the standard for the upcoming decade, originated from that piece of junk. Microsoft acquired an enormous power without actually doing anything. The only intelligent move was to "license" MS-DOS to IBM instead of selling it. (even today you do not buy a product according to Microsoft - you merely license it) Microsoft still had all rights on "their" system and licensed it to companies that cloned the IBM PC. Even Windows is partly based on this original MS-DOS and contains every single part that has been added to it since 1981.

Error #2: Microsoft has innovative products and the latest technologies
As mentioned before most "innovations" of Microsoft originate from products which have been around for a long time. The idea to work with a computer with the help of a graphical user interface, for example, was first thought of by Xerox PARC. GUIs have later been implemented on the Apple Macintosh, the Commodore Amiga, the Atari ST, just to name some of them. These interfaces could be found everywhere at a time when Microsoft still thought MS-DOS was state of the art.
In most cases the only thing Microsoft does is to bring their own products to the level of their competitors'. Internet software, for example, was not available from Microsoft for a long time and hence computer users used non-Microsoft software. When this market changed from a meaningless branch to the market of the future, Microsoft released their own software and made it available for free (see above). Netscape was the pioneer of the internet to a time when Microsoft considered internet users to be a group of idiots. But now Microsoft has obtained a respectable market share and the average user does not know about the background, obviously due to the manipulative marketing which is typical for Microsoft. Today Microsoft is associated with the growing importance of world wide computer networks, forgetting that they never contributed to anything of it. On the contrary: think about the release of proprietary technologies such as ActiveX or the manipulation of Java to expand their monopoly to the world of the internet.


V. Personal Notes

I really do not understand why people accept the fact that one single company controls most of today's computer technology. I do neither understand why many people have the goal to establish ONE single computer architecture respectively ONE single operating system. You often hear about the necessity to use a windows-based system to run programs that require Windows, but that is just a lame excuse. There (still) is a wide variety of different systems. For every kind of program you can find a similar one that runs on the architecture of your choice. Common programs such as word processors, spread sheets, data bases etc. are available on every system you can think of anyway.

Many people consider Windows to be a standard, but when you take a closer look you will see a major difference between the nature of standards and Windows. Standards do not belong to certain companies and can be found in a vast variety of implementations. The rights on Windows, however, belong to Microsoft, and the only operating which is capable of running programms written for Windows is Windows itself. That means Windows cannot be a standard, it is a monopoly at best.

Microsoft tends to point out that it does not have a monopoly and that competition can be found everywhere. Now let's have a look at hardware. The price for some hardware components drop up to 50% or even more in only one year. In many cases you can't even purchase a product, let's say, three years after it was introduced to the market. I chose three years as an example because Windows 95 is roughly three years old by now (at the time this text was written). You will see that the price of Windows 95 has not dropped by a single cent since then. Well, this has to be the healthy competition...

The argument of being urged to use file formats of so-called standard software (e.g. Microsoft Office) is neither a reason to run Windows, since most of the competitor's software available can read and/or write these files. And given the case you are not dependant on these file formats, you will find many programs that existed long before supposedly superior graphical user interfaces have been established. By using these programs you can solve your problems much easier and with better results in many cases, for example with LaTeX.
This is another example of Microsoft trying to tie users to the company by establishing proprietary interfaces (in this case file formats). Another stupid and dangerous argument is to use Microsoft's products because their software is often used and can be found everywhere. It is very easy not to think, but to do what everybody else does, to do what you are told, isn't it?

Talking about file formats brings me to another point. With the new version of Microsoft Office (Office 97 - containing Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook and eventually Access), a new file format was introduced, which is not compatible with older formats, i.e. files written with Office 97 cannot be read with older versions of Office. In my opinion this was done out of markting reasons only, because if you want to read the new files you will have to buy Office 97. It is not a problem to create a file format that can be expanded for the new features of future programs. The above mentioned Interchange File Format, which was developed for the Commodore Amiga computer, makes it possible for programs to read the files of newer versions even if the file format has been dramatically enhanced. There are different methods to achieve this and various implementions can be found today. Another hint for the correctness of the above theory is the fact that since Microsoft does not hesitate to take ideas of other people and integrate them into their own products, which has been done when they used the IFF technology in the the file format of WAV-files, the existence of these possibilities should be well known.

Another thing worth mentioning is the existence of a video on the Windows 95-CD which shows the names of all beta testers. In this video a song has been used that was originally a so-called Module and has been converted by Microsoft, apparently without permission. This song is a remix of "Enjoy the silence" with the name "Enjoy the violence". Coincidence?

The combination of the first three aspects (products, marketing and methods, espionage) shows the danger of Microsoft's power. The fixation on Microsoft is even less understandable due to the possibility to use non-Microsoft products. Perhaps that does not match some people's idea of convenience (so-called "Mitläufer"). After some time they will see that they do not have an advantage by using Microsoft's inferior products. As long as competitors still exist you should have a look at their software. It normally makes promises come true Microsoft was not able to keep.

There are other reasons for the omnipresence of Microsoft's products. It happens quite often that the use of alternatives is not even considered, regardless of the suggestions of experts in a company. This is not solely due to Microsoft's marketing. In many cases chairmen of companies are contacted and manipulated by Microsoft employees. Once this company declares to cooperate, the removal of all non-Microsoft products will be forced.

What possibilities do we have to overcome the current situation? The easiest way would be not to use Microsoft products any more, but that does not seem to be easily possible because of the goal of many people to reduce everything to one single truth. It is quite difficult to find a solution that ends the dominance of Microsoft without denying the further existence of Windows. Nevertheless I want to introduce two possibilities.
First you could split Microsoft into several tiny companies, one of which continues the development of Windows, one takes care of application programs, and yet another one sells hardware. Considering the monopoly Microsoft has established, this solution sounds quite reasonable. Yet there are major disadvantages. You cannot make sure the companies really work independantly of each other, and since they are led by the same persons as before, you cannot expect them to overcome their aggressive and immoral methods.
Another possibility very likely cannot be done, but yet seems to be the most promising. Microsoft should give up all rights on Windows. The further development should be done by an independant, non-profit organization with the help of experts, considering the needs of users. In this case Windows could be established as a standard, since it is no longer controlled by single persons or groups. The only disadvantage of this solution can be seen in the vast amount of technical deficiencies of Windows. It should be easier to develop a new system from scratch than to try to overcome the problems of Windows.
Just to mention it, there already is an operating system that matches all the requirements mentioned above and which even is technically very advanced: Linux.

At last I have to say a word about the press. You often read about Microsoft's new and fascinating achievements which has been brought to the people by Bill Gates' infinite kindliness. In 1997, I read about the upcoming Windows 98 which is the successor of Windows 95. It said: "Microsoft develops new operating system". Since the new version of Windows has been enhanced by some new device drivers and a somewhat changed look only, it is not only not a new operating system, it does not even deserve a new name.
In most magazines specialized on computing you can find a pro-Microsoft-propaganda which even people with a clubfoot would be proud of. You can do nothing but ask how editors are able to write such a nonsense without blushing. And since general magazines tend to be even more biassed there is no way to call these articles objective either.
The only hope is that people will recognize what is going on. In general, not only in this special case, it is not acceptable that any human or group tries to establish their ideology as the only one accepted with methods that are immoral at best, illegal at worst.


Appendix A: Quotes

If Microsoft had been the innovative company that it calls itself, it would have taken the opportunity to take a radical leap beyond the Mac, instead of producing a feeble, me-too implementation.
- DOUGLAS ADAMS, Author, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

The idea that Bill Gates has appeared like a knight in shining armour to lead all customers out of a mire of technological chaos neatly ignores the fact that it was he who, by peddling second-rate technology, led them into it in the first place.
- DOUGLAS ADAMS, Author, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

I feel as if I am fighting Microsoft for the right to use my own computer efficiently.
- STEWART ALSOP, Fortune Magazine

Every single thing that Microsoft says and does is designed to protect their monopoly.
- ALAN BARATZ, President, Sun JavaSoft Division

Windows 95 is so bad, I hardly know where to start.
- JESSE BERST

Microsoft's ability and willingness to control proprietary standards that span the world's computing resources is in fact dangerous.
- JOHN BLACKFORD, Editor, Computer Shopper

Microsoft does not innovate. It buys, imitates, or steals. It makes things difficult for software developers, and thus eventually for users.
- RICHARD BRANDSHAFT, San Jose Mercury-News

Microsoft, I think, is fundamentally an evil company.
- JAMES H. CLARK

Wahr ist daß es ihm [Bill Gates] nichts ausmacht, ohne Würde zu gewinnen. Ein Sieg ist immer noch ein Sieg.
- ROBERT X. CRINGELY, "Die Jungs vom Silicon Valley", ECON Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH, 1993

'Wir wollen das Software-Geschäft monopolisieren', sagte Gates in den späten 70er Jahren immer wieder. In den 80er Jahren deutete er dies auch gerne an, aber da hatte Microsoft schon PR-Leute und Anwälte angeheuert, die ihrem jungen Vorsitzenden zuflüsterten, daß der Begriff im offiziellen Vokabular des Unternehmertums eher verpönt war.
- ROBERT X. CRINGELY, "Die Jungs vom Silicon Valley", ECON Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH, 1993

Microsoft wurde eine Art Kultstätte. Unerfahrene Leute wurden eingestellt und quasi-religiös indoktriniert [...] So schuf Microsoft eine systemimmanente Heldenverehrung, und Bill Gates' Wille infiltrierte alle Lebensbereiche seiner Angestellten, sogar derjenigen, die ihn noch nicht einmal kennengelernt hatten. Für Kim Il Sung funktionierte es in Nordkorea, also funktionierte es auch in den östlichen Vororten von Seattle.
- ROBERT X. CRINGELY, "Die Jungs vom Silicon Valley", ECON Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH, 1993

Die Leute bei Microsoft glauben auch mit Vorliebe, daß ihre Produkte auf dem neuesten Stand der Technik sind. Wenn man anderer Meinung wäre, würde man ja Chairman Bill angreifen, und sowas tut man nicht. Es ist einfacher, die Realität zu verzerren.
- ROBERT X. CRINGELY, "Die Jungs vom Silicon Valley", ECON Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH, 1993

There is a fantasy in Redmond that Microsoft products are innovative, but this is based entirely on a peculiar confusion of the words "innovative" and "successful." Microsoft products are successful -- they make a lot of money -- but that doesn't make them innovative, or even particularly good.
- ROBERT X. CRINGELY

The problem (and the genius) regarding Microsoft's products is bloat. Microsoft's penchant for producing overweight code is not an accident. It's the business model for the company. ...
While [bloatware has] made Bill Gates the world's richest guy, it's made life miserable for people who have to use these computers and expect them to run without crashing or dying.
- JOHN DVORAK, PC Magazine

If you say something he doesn't like, he yells at you.
- BRONWYN FRYER, Information Strategy, about Bill Gates

In a manner that would have left the robber barons of the late 19th century gaping in absolute awe, Microsoft is approaching something unprecedented: a monopoly that could well own the choke points of tomorrow's commerce and communications.
- DAN GILLMOR, San Jose Mercury News Computing Editor

This is very Borg-like. Resistance is futile. You will be assimilated.
- SAMUEL GOODHOPE, Texas Attorney General's office

Most curious is the desire to standardize on one OS and one CPU architecture. Depending on a single company for all future OS innovation and on another for all future CPU innovation would be tragic for an industry driven by technology.
- TOM R. HALFHILL, Sr. Editor, BYTE Magazine

Microsoft now has the ability to virtually annihilate any competitive product it wants by bringing it into the next version of Windows. There's evidence that they are aggressively seeking to extend that monopoly to the Internet, and policy-makers have to be concerned about it.
- ORRIN HATCH, U.S. Senator and Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee

[...] Microsoft has taken a perfectly good standard, broken it, and then told us that we have to buy expensive programs that support the broken interface rather than use the free ones that come with all operating systems in the world except Microsoft operating systems.
- ALLEN HOLUB, Programmer and Columnist

Microsoft does not like negative or even objective press coverage and they have a tendency to be a bully about it. If something appears that they don't like, they have the ability to punish the publication.
- BOB INGLE, President, Knight-Ridder New Media

My view of Microsoft is that they had two goals in the last 10 years: to copy the Macintosh and to copy Lotus' success in the applications business. And they accomplished those goals. Now, they're kind of lost. I've told Bill that I think it's in Microsoft's best interest if NeXT becomes successful because we'll give him something to copy for the rest of this decade.
- STEVE JOBS

I still think that tens of millions of PC owners needlessly use a computer that is far less good than it should be.
- STEVE JOBS

[Bill Gates] definitely scares me. He embodies the very cultural and economic forces that have transformed American mass media from the freest and most diverse in the world to among the most cautious, greedy, and useless.
- JON KATZ, Hotwired

Oil and water. Fried eggs and chocolate sauce. Amanda Vanstone and human compassion. Microsoft and open standards. Can you spot what all these pairings have in common? Yes, none of them actually belong together.
- ANGUS KIDMAN, APC News Editor

When Microsoft announces future technology plans, product feature sets or (heaven help us) release dates, I laugh out loud. Its reputation for sudden changes of plan, vapourware frenzies, total contradiction and frantic scrambling around the facts is unsurpassed in the modern computing world.
- ANGUS KIDMAN, APC News Editor

Microsoft und der große Vorsitzende Gates als Herrscher über die Medien, ihre Inhalte und ihre Finanzen - eine Horrorvorstellung, die angesichts der internen Struktur von Microsoft das Informationsministerium in Orwells Staat von 1984 wie einen Hort der Demokratie erscheinen lassen.
- JÜRGEN KURI, Redakteur, c't Magazin

To hear Microsoft tell it, you'd think the Computer Age had changed the rules of commerce. Microsoft Chairman and CEO Bill Gates has argued that the government is trying to structure an industry it knows little about. This is nonsense. What Gates is attempting is as old as the efforts to monopolize the steel, rail, oil, and telephone industries in the robber baron era.
- ROBERT KUTTNER, Business Week

Every time you turn on your new car, you're turning on 20 microprocessors. Every time you use an ATM, you're using a computer. Every time I use a settop box or game machine, I'm using a computer. The only computer you don't know how to work is your Microsoft computer, right?
- SCOTT McNEALY, CEO, Sun Microsystems

I am convinced that if General Motors could eliminate [Microsoft] Office from their entire company, they could get the 1999 cars out next year at half price
- SCOTT McNEALY, CEO, Sun Microsystems

If one company dominates everything, it's dangerous. You kill innovation and you lose the capacity to create alternatives. Ultimately, that isn't good for the consumer or the country.
- SAMUEL MILLER, U.S. Justice Department

I don't think that the world needs another market dominated by Microsoft. I have enormous respect for the company, but I really get nervous about markets where one vendor has such power.
- GEOFFREY MOORE, Marketing Guru

I think anybody who is savvy about this market knows that Microsoft is getting away with stuff it probably shouldn't get away with.
- GEOFFREY MOORE, Marketing Guru

What we'll all end up doing if Netscape doesn't play better is we will have instantiated the Microsoft Network. We'll just call it the Internet.
- GEOFFREY MOORE, Marketing Guru

Appeasement, said Winston Churchill, consists of being nice to a crocodile in the hope that he will eat you last. At the moment, the biggest crocodile in the world is Microsoft, and everybody is busy sucking up to it.
- JOHN NAUGHTON, the London Observer

'[S]trategic partnerships' are means to a single end: to enable Microsoft to learn enough about particular businesses eventually to dominate them.
- JOHN NAUGHTON, the London Observer

[Microsoft] is the fox that takes you across the river and then eats you.
- PETE PETERSON, Former Executive, WordPerfect

I'm not one of those who think Bill Gates is the devil. I simply suspect that if Microsoft ever met up with the devil, it wouldn't need an interpreter.
- NICHOLAS PETRELEY, Sr. Editor, InfoWorld

The best thing about Windows 95, of course, is the mountains of software designed specifically for it. There are programs to compress memory, recover a damaged registry, remove the heaps of unneeded files Windows accumulates, tune sluggish performance, and undo a few of the many problems that can occur when installing new software, to mention but a few. There is even software designed to intercept system faults to improve your chances of saving your work before you have to reboot.
- NICHOLAS PETRELEY, Sr. Editor, InfoWorld

Microsoft has gotten so big that it can put out a Preview that will install itself without checking first to see if it has expired. The message here is that Microsoft's time is worth more than yours.... no start-up company could get away with being that arrogant.
- JERRY POURNELLE, Byte Magazine

Microsoft is trying to sell us crack, and the first taste is free. But what's it going to mean when we're addicted to this?
- LEIF QUAKEMAN, The Netly News

Microsoft now is in 40 percent of American households. If they can somehow insert themselves in as a piece of infrastructure in the next generation of televisions, they could go to 100 percent penetration of American households and eventually the world.
- BARRY RANDALL, Analyst, Dain Bosworth

Stop Microsoft through government antitrust enforcement now or say goodbye to new products and the openness of the Internet. Gates will own everything, and collect a fee on every imaginable product and service in cyberspace from home finance to a virtual visit to the Louvre. And forget about getting these products and services someplace else. Competitors won't exist.
- GARY REBACK, Antitrust attorney

They [Microsoft] are trying to use an existing monopoly to retard introduction of new technology.
- GARY REBACK, Antitrust attorney

Suppose you made a desktop application like a spreadsheet and all of a sudden Microsoft were to call you one day and say "you know, we've just decided we're not gonna give you the information necessary to let you write a product that runs on top of our operating system. On top of our desktop."
I mean, what would you do? You go, you look at the room, you stare at the ceiling? What would you do, call me, file a lawsuit? You're a little company, come on.
- GARY REBACK, Antitrust attorney

When people understand what Microsoft is up to, they're outraged.
- TIM O'REILLY, President, O'Reilly & Associates

Forcing PC manufacturers to take one Microsoft product as a condition of buying a monopoly product like Windows 95 is not only a violation of the court order, but it's plain wrong.
- JANET RENO, Attorney General

Microsoft is unlawfully taking advantage of its Windows monopoly to protect and extend that monopoly.
- JANET RENO, Attorney General

People who are truly donating to charity don't give money away with the agreement that recipients will spend it on their own company's products.
- PAUL RICKARD, The Microsoft Boycott Campaign

You'll read that Bill Gates envisioned it all, which is a crock. he didn't invision any of it. Nobody did.
- ED ROBERTS, Gates' First Boss

[Paul] Allen was easy to work with, but Gates acted like a spoiled kid, which is what he was.
- ED ROBERTS, Gates' First Boss

At some point, some palooka is going to tell you that you should use MS products because they're an "industry standard." This is roughly equivalent to teenagers telling each other to smoke or do drugs because "everybody's doing it."
- JOHN "The Gneech" ROBEY

Microsoft's biggest and most dangerous contribution to the software industry may be the degree to which it has lowered user expectations.
- ESTHER SCHINDLER, OS/2 Magazine

[Microsoft is] a potential threat to our nation's economic well-being.
- STANLEY SPORKIN, Judge

[Bill Gates] not only wants to win, but he wants to kill the competition. He wants to bury the wounded.
- JAMES WALLACE, Seattle Post-Intelligencer

Dilbert would use Unix because it is a rock solid OS with thousands of academic and business hours in its development and improvement. Dilbert's pointy haired boss would make Dilbert use Windows because Microsoft told him that he would save money and get a free t-shirt.
- NATHAN WINKLER

Word97: An EMPTY file saved in Word97 format occupies 60928 Bytes. The same file saved in the backward compatible Word95 (or better known as Word 7.0) format is sligthly larger: 2 079 932 bytes. Any comment is superfluous...
- c't MAGAZINE, April, 1997

We finally finished installing the new servers. For performance reasons, we decided to drop Microsoft Windows NT and return to Unix again. We did this while we were still on the temporary server and even that machine which was a Pentium-90 with only 32mb RAM out-performed the NT Server that was a Pentium-200MMX with 96mb RAM. Needless to say, if we were not sure about the move before then, we were afterwards.
- GAME SITES NETWORK WEB SITE NEWS, 11-22-1997

[...] IBM was a benevolent dictatorship. Microsoft is just a dictatorship
- technology consultant, anonymous


Appendix B: no comment

Ensuring that we leverage Windows. I don't understand how IE is going to win. The current path is simply to copy everything that Netscape does packaging and product wise. [...] My conclusion is that we must leverage Windows more. Treating IE as just an add-on to Windows which is cross-platform [is] losing our biggest advantage -- Windows marketshare. We should dedicate a cross group team to come up with ways to leverage Windows technically more.
- JIM ALLCHIN, a top Microsoft executive, in an internal document entitled "Concerns For Our Future"

You're either a friend or a foe, and you're an enemy now.
- STEVE BALLMER, executive vice president, Microsoft, to Pacific Bell CEO David Dorman after Pacific Bell chose Netscape's Web software over Microsoft's.

What do you mean by that? You don´t know what you are talking about.
- BILL GATES on a press conference to a question implying that maybe Microsoft on the desktop is not the answer to everything.

There are people who don't like capitalism, and there are people who don't like PCs, but there's no one who likes the PC who doesn't like Microsoft.
- BILL GATES

We are a great software company.... That's the only image anyone should have of us.
- BILL GATES

There won't be anything we won't say to people to try and convince them that our way is the way to go.
- BILL GATES

It's possible, you can never know, that the universe exists only for me.
- BILL GATES

If you can't make it good, at least make it look good.
- BILL GATES

640K ought to be enough for anybody.
- BILL GATES, 1981

[...] the best way to prepare [to be a programmer] is to write programs, and to study great programs that other people have written. In my case, I went to the garbage cans at the Computer Science Center and I fished out listings of their operating system.
- BILL GATES

Wir hatten solche Browser als Teil von Windows angekündigt, bevor Netscape überhaupt existierte. Schon die erste Ausgabe von Windows 95 enthielt einen Browser.
- BILL GATES
[Notiz: Wie man sich leicht überzeugen kann, besaß Win95 in der ersten Version keinen Browser, dieser wurde erst mit "Plus!" eingeführt. - Ed.]

Focus: "But there are bugs in any version which people would really like to have fixed."
Gates: "No! There are no significant bugs in our released software that any significant number of users want fixed. [...] Maybe you're not using it properly."
- FOCUS MAGAZINE, 10/23/95

The idea that people know what they want is wrong.
- LAURA JENNINGS, Vice President, Microsoft Network

One World. One Web. One Program.
- MICROSOFT, Internet Explorer 4 ad

We need your fax number in order to respect your wishes not to receive unsolicited faxes.
- MICROSOFT Web Page